在今年5月份召開的十三屆全國人大三次會議結束4個月后,人大代表和政協委員的議案提案陸續收到了工信部、發改委、財政部等各大部委的復文。2020年9月21日,工業和信息化部網站公開發布了一批對十三屆全國人大三次會議人大代表汽車建議的答復。
在本(ben)批(pi)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)復文中(zhong),包括了此前備受關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)廣汽(qi)(qi)集團(601238)董事(shi)(shi)長曾慶洪的(de)(de)(de)議(yi)案(an)(an)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)加快(kuai)粵(yue)港澳大灣(wan)區新能源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產業集群建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)》,奇(qi)瑞汽(qi)(qi)車(che)董事(shi)(shi)長尹(yin)同躍的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個議(yi)案(an)(an)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)加速制(zhi)定商用(yong)車(che)積(ji)分管理辦法的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)》和《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)取消NEV正積(ji)分結轉限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)》,長城汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(601633)總(zong)裁王(wang)鳳(feng)英的(de)(de)(de)議(yi)案(an)(an)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)加大“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”背景下中(zhong)國汽(qi)(qi)車(che)“走出去”支持力度的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)》等六名代表的(de)(de)(de)8個議(yi)案(an)(an)都得到(dao)了多個部(bu)委的(de)(de)(de)逐一(yi)(yi)回復。
曾慶洪帶來了(le)5條建(jian)(jian)議(yi),其(qi)中3條直接(jie)或間接(jie)與汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)行業(ye)相(xiang)關,包(bao)括(kuo)抗疫減負、支持企(qi)業(ye)發展、促(cu)進(jin)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)消費(fei)等內容,他建(jian)(jian)言粵(yue)港澳大灣(wan)(wan)區建(jian)(jian)設,建(jian)(jian)議(yi)加快大灣(wan)(wan)區新能源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)產業(ye)集群建(jian)(jian)設。
對(dui)全國人大(da)(da)代表、廣汽(qi)(qi)集(ji)(ji)團董事長曾慶洪的第(di)4124號建議(yi)《關于加(jia)快粵港澳大(da)(da)灣區新能源汽(qi)(qi)車產(chan)業集(ji)(ji)群建設的建議(yi)》。工(gong)信部分別(bie)進行(xing)了回復,記者摘(zhai)取了其中的要點(dian),管窺未來的發(fa)展方向。
關于“科學規劃布局,構建產業集群的建議”
工信部(bu)回(hui)應:發展(zhan)改革委出(chu)臺《汽(qi)車(che)產業投資管(guan)理規定》,明(ming)確(que)提出(chu)科學規劃新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)產業布局的政(zheng)策舉措,引(yin)導現(xian)有(you)燃油汽(qi)車(che)企(qi)業加大研發投入、調整產品結構,發展(zhan)純電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)、插電(dian)式混(hun)合動力汽(qi)車(che)、燃料電(dian)池(chi)汽(qi)車(che)等新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)。
工(gong)(gong)(gong)信部(bu)自2009年組織(zhi)開展國(guo)家新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范基(ji)地工(gong)(gong)(gong)作以來,已(yi)批復廣東省(含深圳市(shi))21家示(shi)范基(ji)地,涉及裝備(bei)制造等領(ling)域。2019年工(gong)(gong)(gong)信部(bu)啟動(dong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)制造業(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)(qun)培(pei)(pei)育工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,并支持集(ji)群(qun)(qun)發(fa)展促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機構的培(pei)(pei)育建(jian)設,廣州市(shi)智能網聯汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)(qun)初賽勝出(chu),相關集(ji)群(qun)(qun)發(fa)展促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機構獲得財政資金支持,為(wei)廣東推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)高質量發(fa)展奠定了良(liang)好(hao)基(ji)礎。下(xia)一(yi)步,工(gong)(gong)(gong)信部(bu)將繼(ji)續支持粵港澳大灣區(qu)國(guo)家新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范基(ji)地加快(kuai)轉型(xing)提升(sheng),做好(hao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)制造業(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)(qun)培(pei)(pei)育建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。
關于“加大技術投入,突破技術瓶頸”的建議
工信(xin)部回應:科技(ji)部于“十二五”開始確立“純電(dian)驅動(dong)”技(ji)術(shu)(shu)轉型(xing)戰略,更加突出電(dian)池、電(dian)機、電(dian)控(kong)“三電(dian)”共性關鍵技(ji)術(shu)(shu),持續強(qiang)化新能源汽車核心技(ji)術(shu)(shu)攻關。
在充電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術方面,“十(shi)三五”期間,“新能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)”重點專項部署了“電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)基礎設施運(yun)行安(an)全(quan)與互聯互通技(ji)術”等項目,對多種功率充電(dian)(dian)、無線充電(dian)(dian)及充電(dian)(dian)安(an)全(quan)等技(ji)術開展(zhan)科(ke)技(ji)攻關(guan)研究,目前(qian)項目均已順利完(wan)成。下(xia)一步,科(ke)技(ji)部將統籌考慮新能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)及充電(dian)(dian)等關(guan)鍵核心技(ji)術攻關(guan),為我國(guo)新能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)業高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)提供技(ji)術支撐。
財政部(bu)配(pei)合(he)科技(ji)部(bu)等通過(guo)中央(yang)財政科技(ji)計劃(專項、基(ji)金等)對(dui)符合(he)條件的科研活(huo)動(dong)進行支持(chi),推(tui)動(dong)提高新(xin)能(neng)源汽車技(ji)術水平。
發展(zhan)(zhan)改革委于(yu)2017年制(zhi)(zhi)定發布《增強制(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)核心競爭力三年行動(dong)計劃(2018-2020年)》,提(ti)出先(xian)進動(dong)力電池(chi)研發與產(chan)業(ye)化等(deng)重點發展(zhan)(zhan)方向。下一步,將聚焦產(chan)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)瓶頸制(zhi)(zhi)約,繼續運(yun)用各(ge)種政策資源,進一步增強新(xin)能(neng)源汽車關鍵零(ling)部件創新(xin)能(neng)力和(he)質量(liang)水平。
關于“加強產業協同,提高行業競爭力”的建議
工(gong)(gong)信部(bu)回應(ying):工(gong)(gong)信部(bu)研究制(zhi)定(ding)《制(zhi)造業(ye)數字化(hua)轉型行動計劃(2020-2022年)》,充分發揮(hui)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)平臺(tai)實現全要素、全產業(ye)鏈、全價值(zhi)鏈全面連接的優勢,引導工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)平臺(tai)面向汽車(che)等行業(ye)開展融(rong)合應(ying)用創新。
下一步(bu),工信部將(jiang)深入實施制造業(ye)(ye)數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型行動,引導(dao)企業(ye)(ye)加強融合管理(li)、網(wang)絡協(xie)同、數(shu)據(ju)貫(guan)通、軟件開發、智(zhi)能應用(yong)、安全(quan)防護(hu)等能力建設。同時,將(jiang)發展一批面向(xiang)特定行業(ye)(ye)、特定區域(yu)的企業(ye)(ye)級(ji)平臺,促進工業(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)平臺在汽車等行業(ye)(ye)的深度融合應用(yong)。
至于(yu)教育(yu)部(bu),鼓勵高校面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)重點(dian)領域(yu)加大(da)新(xin)能(neng)源汽車相關新(xin)生(sheng)、新(xin)興專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)設(she)置,2018年(nian)新(xin)增設(she)置新(xin)能(neng)源汽車工程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye),已(yi)批準設(she)置6個專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)點(dian)。已(yi)批準設(she)置能(neng)源動力(li)工程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)點(dian)218個、智能(neng)車輛工程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)點(dian)2個等(deng)。2019年(nian),針對新(xin)能(neng)源汽車等(deng)重點(dian)領域(yu),高校與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)合作開展項目3500余項,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)供經費(fei)及軟硬件支持近3億(yi)元。下一步(bu),教育(yu)部(bu)將加大(da)力(li)度引導高校面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)新(xin)能(neng)源汽車相關領域(yu)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)設(she)置與學科建設(she),持續提(ti)升人才培育(yu)質量(liang)。
工信(xin)部(bu)還將會同相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)門(men)積(ji)極引(yin)導基金對新能源汽車領域符合國家戰略(lve)、具有優勢的(de)重點(dian)項目和骨干企業給予關(guan)注和支持,充分(fen)發揮財政資金的(de)帶(dai)動(dong)作用。
關于“改善產業環境,加強配套建設”的建議
工信部回應(ying):財政部積極支持新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車產業發展。2020年(nian)(nian)4月,國務院(yuan)常(chang)務會議決定,將新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車免征車輛購置稅政策(ce)延長2年(nian)(nian)至2022年(nian)(nian)底(di)。
交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)部聯合相關(guan)部門(men)先后印發《關(guan)于(yu)完(wan)善城市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)車(che)成品油價格補助政策加快(kuai)新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》《關(guan)于(yu)支持(chi)新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)車(che)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》對推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)車(che)給予財(cai)政補貼支持(chi)。2020年4月(yue),交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)部印發《2020年全國公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)工(gong)(gong)作要點(dian)》,再次部署各(ge)地交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)主管部門(men)和高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)經營管理(li)(li)單位,加快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)充電(dian)和加氣設施建(jian)設。截至2019年底,全國高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)已建(jian)成充電(dian)站2039個,充電(dian)樁8452個。下一步(bu),交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)部將繼(ji)續加大行業應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)車(che)輛的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作力度,積極推(tui)(tui)動(dong)出臺《關(guan)于(yu)綜合治理(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)擁堵加快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)城市(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)發展的(de)(de)意見》,進(jin)一步(bu)完(wan)善新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)使用(yong)(yong)優惠(hui)政策。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)部指導(dao)各(ge)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)交(jiao)管部門對(dui)新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)單獨分類(lei)登記,便(bian)于在(zai)管理服務(wu)中實(shi)(shi)(shi)施差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)優惠政策(ce)。至2018年上半年,各(ge)地(di)已全面啟用新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)號(hao)牌(pai)。指導(dao)各(ge)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)交(jiao)管部門為新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)提供(gong)(gong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)便(bian)利,對(dui)新(xin)(xin)能源小(xiao)客車(che)不限行(xing)(xing)(xing),對(dui)新(xin)(xin)能源貨車(che)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)別(bie)化(hua)通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)管理政策(ce),放寬通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時間(jian),擴大通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)范(fan)圍,提供(gong)(gong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)便(bian)利。下(xia)一(yi)步(bu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)部將加強指導(dao)各(ge)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)交(jiao)管部門落實(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)“不限行(xing)(xing)(xing)”等(deng)差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)便(bian)利政策(ce),并(bing)鼓勵各(ge)地(di)結合實(shi)(shi)(shi)際,進一(yi)步(bu)優化(hua)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共服務(wu)領域新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)和新(xin)(xin)能源物流車(che)便(bian)利通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政策(ce)。
發展改革委會同相關部(bu)門于2019年(nian)6月印發《推(tui)動重點(dian)消(xiao)費品(pin)更新升(sheng)級暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)資源(yuan)循環利用(yong)實施方案(2019-2020年(nian))》,明確提出(chu)了著力(li)破除限制(zhi)汽車(che)消(xiao)費的市(shi)場(chang)(chang)壁壘(lei),嚴禁各地出(chu)臺新的汽車(che)限購規定等措施。下(xia)一步(bu),發展改革委將不(bu)斷(duan)優(you)化消(xiao)費環境,暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)資源(yuan)循環利用(yong),持續(xu)釋(shi)放內需潛力(li),進(jin)一步(bu)推(tui)動重點(dian)消(xiao)費品(pin)更新升(sheng)級,促進(jin)形(xing)成強(qiang)大國(guo)內市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。