6月21日，中電聯發布2019年1-5月份電力工業運行簡況。可能是受到光伏政(zheng)策影響，從數據結果(guo)看，光伏裝機量下(xia)滑(hua)最為(wei)顯(xian)著。數據顯(xian)示：今年的1-5月(yue)，太陽能發電(dian)802萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，比(bi)去年同期減少716萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。同為(wei)清潔能源的風(feng)電(dian)裝機卻(que)在上升，盡管上升幅度只有5萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，但在整個發電(dian)裝機累(lei)計(ji)下(xia)滑(hua)522萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)的大(da)背景(jing)下(xia)，也實屬難得。

　　不過好在風電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)的(de)投資(zi)并(bing)沒(mei)有減(jian)緩，根據數(shu)據顯(xian)示：風電(dian)(dian)205億元，同比增長(chang)55.0%，太陽能發電(dian)(dian)34億元，同比增長(chang)6.9%。可見風電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)產業(ye)的(de)發展后續依然(ran)具備發展的(de)潛力。

　　社會用電量增速回落

　　1-5月份(fen)，全國全社會用電(dian)量27993億千瓦時，同比(bi)增長4.9%,增速比(bi)上(shang)年同期回(hui)落4.8個百分點。

　　分(fen)(fen)產業看(kan)注(zhu)，1-5月(yue)份，第(di)一產業用(yong)電量(liang)277億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)5.2%，第(di)二產業用(yong)電量(liang)18855億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，第(di)三(san)產業用(yong)電量(liang)4586億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.6%，城鄉居民(min)生活用(yong)電量(liang)4276億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)10.3%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速比上年同(tong)期回落3.6個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點，占全社(she)會(hui)用(yong)電量(liang)的比重為15.3%，對全社(she)會(hui)用(yong)電量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的貢獻率為30.4%。

　　2018、2019年分月全社會用電量及其增速

　　1-5月份，除(chu)甘(gan)肅和青(qing)海外，全國各省份全社(she)(she)會用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量均實(shi)現(xian)正增(zeng)長。其中，全社(she)(she)會用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量增(zeng)速高于全國平均水平（4.9%）的省份有16個，依(yi)次(ci)為：西藏（16.3%）、內蒙(meng)古（12.0%）、廣西（11.2%）、湖北（10.0%）、新疆（9.6%）、安徽(hui)（9.2%）、四川（9.0%）、海南（8.6%）、山西（7.8%）、江(jiang)西（7.3%）、貴州(zhou)（7.2%）、河北（6.9%）、湖南（6.9%）、寧(ning)夏(xia)（5.7%）、重慶（5.7%）和遼寧(ning)（5.0%）。

　　全(quan)社(she)會用電量增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)超(chao)過全(quan)國平(ping)(ping)均水平(ping)(ping)（2.3%）的(de)省份(fen)有19個，其(qi)中(zhong)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)超(chao)過10%的(de)省份(fen)有：內蒙(meng)古（13.1%）、山西（10.7%）和(he)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)（10.5%）；全(quan)社(she)會用電量增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)為負的(de)省份(fen)為江蘇（-0.03%）、河南(nan)(nan)（-0.2%）、黑龍江（-0.8%）、浙江（-1.1%）、湖南(nan)(nan)（-1.6%）、甘肅（-1.9%）、上(shang)海（-5.7%）、廣東（-5.7%）和(he)福建（-6.1%）。

　　5月份，全(quan)國全(quan)社會用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)5665億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長2.3%，第(di)一(yi)產業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)60億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長2.2%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)上年同(tong)(tong)(tong)期回落(luo)7.0個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)；第(di)二產業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)4064億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長0.7%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)上年同(tong)(tong)(tong)期回落(luo)10.1個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)；第(di)三產業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)858億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長6.8%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)上年同(tong)(tong)(tong)期回落(luo)8.4個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)；城鄉居民生活(huo)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)683億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長6.8%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)上年同(tong)(tong)(tong)期回落(luo)3.5個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。

　　太陽能新增裝機驟減

　　1-5月份，全(quan)國基建新增發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)生產能(neng)力(li)2918萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同期(qi)少投(tou)(tou)產522萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。其中，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)128萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)注1176萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)（燃煤662萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、燃氣(qi)362萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)）、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)125萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)688萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)有802萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)別(bie)比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同期(qi)少投(tou)(tou)產20和716萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)別(bie)比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同期(qi)多投(tou)(tou)產196、12和5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。

　　1-5月(yue)份(fen)風電(dian)裝機較多省份(fen)風電(dian)裝機容(rong)量(liang)和設備利用小時(shi)

　　火電(dian)、核電(dian)、風電(dian)發電(dian)利用小時數降(jiang)低

　　1-5月份(fen)，全國(guo)發(fa)電(dian)設備(bei)累計平均利用小(xiao)時(shi)1519小(xiao)時(shi)，比上年同(tong)期(qi)(qi)降低(di)20小(xiao)時(shi)。其中火電(dian)、核電(dian)、風電(dian)的發(fa)電(dian)小(xiao)時(shi)數分(fen)別有所降低(di)，光伏(fu)則與去年同(tong)期(qi)(qi)持平。

　　2005年以來歷年1-5月份利用小時情況

　　分類型看，1-5月份，全(quan)國(guo)水(shui)電設備平(ping)均(jun)(jun)利(li)用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)1300小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，比上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期增(zeng)加145小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。在水(shui)電裝機容量超(chao)過1000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)的8個省份中(zhong)，水(shui)電設備平(ping)均(jun)(jun)利(li)用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)均(jun)(jun)同(tong)比增(zeng)加，福建和湖南(nan)同(tong)比增(zeng)加超(chao)過600小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，分別增(zeng)加636和661小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，廣東和云南(nan)同(tong)比增(zeng)加超(chao)過300小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，分別增(zeng)加306和304小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)；全(quan)國(guo)火電設備平(ping)均(jun)(jun)利(li)用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)1728小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)（其中(zhong)，燃煤發電和燃氣發電設備平(ping)均(jun)(jun)利(li)用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)分別為(wei)1783和971小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)），比上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期降低48小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。

　　與上年(nian)同期(qi)相比，共有12個(ge)省(sheng)份火電利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)同比增(zeng)(zeng)加，其中(zhong)四(si)川(chuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加318小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖北、廣西、貴州、新疆、重慶和(he)北京增(zeng)(zeng)加超(chao)過(guo)100小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，而廣東和(he)云南(nan)下(xia)降超(chao)過(guo)300小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，分別降低402和(he)309小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，青海(hai)、湖南(nan)、、天津、浙江、江西、上海(hai)、福建、陜西河南(nan)和(he)遼寧下(xia)降也(ye)超(chao)過(guo)100小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)核電設備平均(jun)利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)2839小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比上年(nian)同期(qi)降低75小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；全(quan)國(guo)(guo)并(bing)網風電設備平均(jun)利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)978小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比上年(nian)同期(qi)降低24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；全(quan)國(guo)(guo)太陽能發電設備平均(jun)利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)532小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，與上年(nian)同期(qi)基本(ben)持平。

　　電源、電網投資冰火兩重天

　　1-5月份，全國主(zhu)要發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)工(gong)程完(wan)成投資(zi)768億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)提高(gao)(gao)5.9%。其中(zhong)，水電(dian)(dian)255億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長33.8%；火電(dian)(dian)161億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降26.6%；核電(dian)(dian)113億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降25.4%；風電(dian)(dian)205億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長55.0%，太陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)34億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長6.9%。水電(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)等清潔能源(yuan)完(wan)成投資(zi)占電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)完(wan)成投資(zi)的(de)79.0%，比(bi)上年同(tong)(tong)期提高(gao)(gao)9.7個百(bai)分(fen)點。

　　1-5月份(fen)，全國電網工程完成投資1157億(yi)元，同比下降18.2%。

　　注 從2018年5月份開始，三次產業劃分按照《國家統計局關于修訂<三次產業劃分規定(2012)>的(de)通(tong)知》（國統設管函(han)〔2018〕74號(hao)）調整(zheng)，為保證數據(ju)可比，同期數據(ju)根據(ju)新標準重新進(jin)行了(le)分類(lei)。

　　注 本年新增火電裝機統(tong)計口(kou)徑包(bao)含應急調(diao)峰(feng)儲備電源。

　　水電、核電發電量雙增長

　　1-5月份，全(quan)國核(he)電發電量1320億千瓦時，同(tong)比增長(chang)24.3%，增速比上年同(tong)期提高13.0個(ge)百分點。

　　1-5月份(fen)，全國6000千(qian)瓦及以(yi)上風電(dian)廠發電(dian)量1843億千(qian)瓦時(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長9.7%，增(zeng)速比(bi)上年同期回落20.5個百分(fen)點。

　　1-5月(yue)份，全國規模以上電廠火電發(fa)電量(liang)20409億千瓦時(shi)，同比增(zeng)長(chang)0.2％，增(zeng)速比上年同期回落7.9個百分(fen)點(dian)。

　　1-5月(yue)份，全(quan)國規(gui)模(mo)以上(shang)電廠水電發電量4003億千瓦時，同比增長12.8％，增速比上(shang)年同期(qi)提(ti)高(gao)10.1個百分點。

　　截至5月底，全國(guo)6000千(qian)瓦及以(yi)上電(dian)廠(chang)裝機容量18.3億(yi)千(qian)瓦，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長6.1%，比上月增(zeng)(zeng)加548萬千(qian)瓦，增(zeng)(zeng)速與上年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)基(ji)本持平。水(shui)(shui)電(dian)3.1億(yi)千(qian)瓦，其中，常規水(shui)(shui)電(dian)2.8億(yi)千(qian)瓦；火電(dian)11.5億(yi)千(qian)瓦，燃煤發(fa)電(dian)10.1億(yi)千(qian)瓦、燃氣發(fa)電(dian)8760萬千(qian)瓦；核電(dian)4591萬千(qian)瓦；并網風電(dian)1.9億(yi)千(qian)瓦；并網太陽(yang)能發(fa)電(dian)1.3億(yi)千(qian)瓦。1-5月份(fen)，全國(guo)規模(mo)以(yi)上電(dian)廠(chang)發(fa)電(dian)量27809億(yi)千(qian)瓦時，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長3.3%，增(zeng)(zeng)速比上年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)回落5.2個百分點。

　　制造業日均用電量同比提高

　　1-5月(yue)份，全國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)用電量18513億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長2.5%，增(zeng)速比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期回(hui)落(luo)5.2個百分(fen)點，占(zhan)全社會(hui)用電量的(de)比(bi)(bi)重為66.1%，對全社會(hui)用電量增(zeng)長的(de)貢獻率為33.9%。5月(yue)份，全國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)用電量3996億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長0.5%，增(zeng)速比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期回(hui)落(luo)10.4個百分(fen)點，占(zhan)全社會(hui)用電量的(de)比(bi)(bi)重為70.5%。

　　2018、2019年分月制造業日均用電量

　　1-5月份，全(quan)國(guo)制造業用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)14072億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長3.3%，增速比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期回(hui)落4.3個(ge)百(bai)分點，占全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)的比(bi)(bi)重為50.3%。制造業日均用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)97.8億(yi)千瓦時(shi)/天(tian)(tian)(tian)，分別比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期和上(shang)月增加(jia)1.2億(yi)千瓦時(shi)/天(tian)(tian)(tian)和減(jian)少(shao)2.4億(yi)千瓦時(shi)/天(tian)(tian)(tian)。

　　5月份，全國制造業(ye)用電量3033億(yi)千(qian)瓦時，同比(bi)增(zeng)長1.3%，增(zeng)速比(bi)上年同期(qi)回落10.5個百(bai)分(fen)點。